classical.js

   1
   2 var TengwarAnnatar = require("./tengwar-annatar");
   3 var Notation = require("./notation");
   4 var Parser = require("./parser");
   5 var makeDocumentParser = require("./document-parser");
   6 var normalize = require("./normalize");
   7 var punctuation = require("./punctuation");
   8 var parseNumber = require("./numbers");
   9
  10 exports.name = "Classical Mode";
  11
  12 var defaults = {};
  13 exports.makeOptions = makeOptions;
  14 function makeOptions(options) {
  15     options = options || defaults;
  16     return {
  17         font: options.font || TengwarAnnatar,
  18         block: options.block,
  19         plain: options.plain,
  20         vilya: options.vilya,
  21         // false: (v: vala, w: wilya)
  22         // true: (v: vilya, w: ERROR)
  23         harma: options.harma,
  24         // between the original formation of the language,
  25         // but before the third age,
  26         // harma was renamed aha,
  27         // and meant breath-h in initial position
  28         classicalH: options.classicalH,
  29         classicalR: options.classicalR,
  30         // before the third age
  31         // affects use of "r" and "h"
  32         // without classic, we default to the mode from the namarie poem.
  33         // in the classical period, "r" was transcribed as "ore" only between
  34         // vowels.
  35         // in the third age, through the namarie poem, "r" is only "ore" before
  36         // consontants and at the end of words.
  37         swapDotSlash: options.swapDotSlash,
  38         // false: by default, e is a slash, i is a dot
  39         // true: e is a dot, i is a slash
  40         // TODO figure out "h"
  41         reverseCurls: options.reverseCurls,
  42         // false: by default, o is forward, u is backward
  43         // true: o is backward, u is forward
  44         iuRising: options.iuRising,
  45         // iuRising thirdAge: anna:y,u
  46         // otherwise: ure:i
  47         // in the third age, "iu" is a rising diphthong,
  48         // whereas all others are falling.  rising means
  49         // that they are stressed on the second sound, as
  50         // in "yule".  whether to use yanta or anna is
  51         // not attested.
  52         longHalla: options.longHalla,
  53         // TODO indicates that halla should be used before medial L and W to
  54         // indicate that these are pronounced with length.
  55         // initial hl and hw remain short.
  56         // TODO doubled dots for í
  57         // TODO triple dots for y
  58         // TODO simplification of a, noting non-a
  59         // TODO following W in this mode?
  60         // TODO namarië does not use double U or O curls
  61         // TODO namarië does not reverse esse for E tehta
  62         duodecimal: options.duodecimal
  63     };
  64 };
  65
  66 exports.transcribe = transcribe;
  67 function transcribe(text, options) {
  68     options = makeOptions(options);
  69     var font = options.font;
  70     return font.transcribe(parse(text, options), options);
  71 }
  72
  73 exports.encode = encode;
  74 function encode(text, options) {
  75     options = makeOptions(options);
  76     return Notation.encode(parse(text, options), options);
  77 }
  78
  79 var parse = exports.parse = makeDocumentParser(parseNormalWord, makeOptions);
  80
  81 function parseNormalWord(callback, options) {
  82     return normalize(parseWord(callback, options));
  83 }
  84
  85 function parseWord(callback, options, columns, previous) {
  86     columns = columns || [];
  87     return parseColumn(function (moreColumns) {
  88         if (!moreColumns.length) {
  89             return callback(columns);
  90         } else {
  91             return parseWord(
  92                 callback,
  93                 options,
  94                 columns.concat(moreColumns),
  95                 moreColumns[moreColumns.length - 1] // previous
  96             );
  97         }
  98     }, options, previous);
  99 }
 100
 101 function parseColumn(callback, options, previous) {
 102     var font = options.font;
 103     var makeColumn = font.makeColumn;
 104     return parseTengwa(function (columns) {
 105         var previous = columns.pop();
 106         return parseTehta(function (next) {
 107             var next = columns.concat(next).filter(Boolean)
 108             if (next.length) {
 109                 return callback(next);
 110             } else {
 111                 return function (character) {
 112                     if (Parser.isBreak(character)) {
 113                         return callback([])(character);
 114                     } else if (/\d/.test(character)) {
 115                         return parseNumber(callback, options)(character);
 116                     } else if (punctuation[character]) {
 117                         return callback([makeColumn(punctuation[character], {from: character})]);
 118                     } else {
 119                         return callback([makeColumn("ure", {from: ""}).addError(
 120                             "Cannot transcribe " + JSON.stringify(character) +
 121                             " in Classical Mode"
 122                         )]);
 123                     }
 124                 };
 125             }
 126         }, options, previous);
 127     }, options, previous);
 128 }
 129
 130 var vowels = "aeiouyáéíóú";
 131
 132 function parseTengwa(callback, options, previous) {
 133     var font = options.font;
 134     var makeColumn = font.makeColumn;
 135     return function (character) {
 136         if (character === "n") { // n
 137             return function (character) {
 138                 if (character === "n") { // nn
 139                     return callback([makeColumn("numen", {from: "n"}).addTildeBelow({from: "n"})]);
 140                 } else if (character === "t") { // nt
 141                     return callback([makeColumn("anto", {from: "nt"})]);
 142                 } else if (character === "d") { // nd
 143                     return callback([makeColumn("ando", {from: "nd"})]);
 144                 } else if (character === "g") { // ng
 145                     return function (character) {
 146                         if (character === "w") { // ngw -> ñw
 147                             return callback([makeColumn("ungwe", {from: "ñgw"})]);
 148                         } else { // ng
 149                             return callback([makeColumn("anga", {from: "ñg"})])(character);
 150                         }
 151                     };
 152                 } else if (character === "c") { // nc
 153                     return function (character) {
 154                         if (character === "w") { // ncw
 155                             return callback([makeColumn("unque", {from: "ñcw"})]);
 156                         } else { // nc
 157                             return callback([makeColumn("anca", {from: "ñc"})])(character);
 158                         }
 159                     };
 160                 } else {
 161                     return callback([makeColumn("numen", {from: "n"})])(character);
 162                 }
 163             };
 164         } else if (character === "m") {
 165             return function (character) {
 166                 if (character === "m") { // mm
 167                     return callback([makeColumn("malta", {from: "m"}).addTildeBelow({from: "m"})]);
 168                 } else if (character === "p") { // mp
 169                     return callback([makeColumn("ampa", {from: "mp"})]);
 170                 } else if (character === "b") { // mb
 171                     return callback([makeColumn("umbar", {from: "mb"})]);
 172                 } else {
 173                     return callback([makeColumn("malta", {from: "m"})])(character);
 174                 }
 175             };
 176         } else if (character === "ñ") { // ñ
 177             return function (character) {
 178                 if (character === "g") { // ñg
 179                     return function (character) {
 180                         if (character === "w") { // ñgw
 181                             return callback([makeColumn("ungwe", {from: "ñgw"})]);
 182                         } else { // ñg
 183                             return callback([makeColumn("anga", {from: "ñg"})])(character);
 184                         }
 185                     }
 186                 } else if (character === "c") { // ñc
 187                     return function (character) {
 188                         if (character === "w") { // ñcw
 189                             return callback([makeColumn("unque", {from: "ñcw"})]);
 190                         } else { // ñc
 191                             return callback([makeColumn("anca", {from: "ñc"})]);
 192                         }
 193                     }
 194                 } else {
 195                     return callback([makeColumn("noldo", {from: "ñ"})])(character);
 196                 }
 197             };
 198         } else if (character === "t") {
 199             return function (character) {
 200                 if (character === "t") { // tt
 201                     return function (character) {
 202                         if (character === "y") { // tty
 203                             return callback([makeColumn("tinco", {from: "t"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"}).addTildeBelow({from: "t"})]);
 204                         } else { // tt
 205                             return callback([makeColumn("tinco", {from: "t"}).addTildeBelow({from: "t"})])(character);
 206                         }
 207                     };
 208                 } else if (character === "y") { // ty
 209                     return callback([makeColumn("tinco", {from: "t"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"})]);
 210                 } else if (character === "h") { // th
 211                     return callback([makeColumn("thule", {from: "th"})]);
 212                 } else if (character === "s") {
 213                     return function (character) {
 214                         // TODO s-inverse, s-extended, s-flourish
 215                         if (Parser.isFinal(character)) { // ts final
 216                             return callback([makeColumn("tinco", {from: "t"}).addFollowing("s", {from: "s"})])(character);
 217                         } else { // ts medial
 218                             return callback([
 219                                 makeColumn("tinco", {from: "t"}),
 220                                 makeColumn("silme", {from: "s"})
 221                             ])(character);
 222                         }
 223                     };
 224                 } else { // t
 225                     return callback([makeColumn("tinco", {from: "t"})])(character);
 226                 }
 227             };
 228         } else if (character === "p") {
 229             return function (character) {
 230                 if (character === "p") {
 231                     return function (character) {
 232                         if (character === "y") { // ppy
 233                             return callback([makeColumn("parma", {from: "p"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"}).addTildeBelow({from: "p"})]);
 234                         } else { // pp
 235                             return callback([makeColumn("parma", {from: "p"}).addTildeBelow({from: "p"})])(character);
 236                         }
 237                     };
 238                 } else if (character === "y") { // py
 239                     return callback([makeColumn("parma", {from: "p"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"})]);
 240                 } else if (character === "s") { // ps
 241                     return function (character) {
 242                         if (Parser.isFinal(character)) { // ps final
 243                             return callback([makeColumn("parma", {from: "p"}).addFollowing("s", {from: "s"})])(character);
 244                         } else { // ps medial
 245                             return callback([
 246                                 makeColumn("parma", {from: "p"}),
 247                                 makeColumn("silme", {from: "s"})
 248                             ])(character);
 249                         }
 250                     };
 251                 } else { // t
 252                     return callback([makeColumn("parma", {from: "p"})])(character);
 253                 }
 254             };
 255         } else if (character === "c") {
 256             return function (character) {
 257                 if (character === "c") {
 258                     return callback([makeColumn("calma", {from: "c"}).addTildeBelow({from: "c"})]);
 259                 } else if (character === "s") {
 260                     return callback([makeColumn("calma", {from: "s"}).addBelow("s", {from: "s"})]);
 261                 } else if (character === "h") {
 262                     return callback([makeColumn("harma", {from: "ch"})]);
 263                 } else if (character === "w") {
 264                     return callback([makeColumn("quesse", {from: "chw"})]);
 265                 } else {
 266                     return callback([makeColumn("calma", {from: "c"})])(character);
 267                 }
 268             };
 269         } else if (character === "f") {
 270             return callback([makeColumn("formen", {from: "f"})]);
 271         } else if (character === "v") {
 272             if (options.vilya) {
 273                 return callback([makeColumn("wilya", {from: "v", name: "vilya"})]);
 274             } else {
 275                 return callback([makeColumn("vala", {from: "v", name: "vala"})]);
 276             }
 277         } else if (character === "w") {
 278             if (options.vilya) {
 279                 return callback([])("u");
 280             } else {
 281                 // TODO Fact-check this interpretation. It may be an error to
 282                 // use w as a consonant depending on whether we're speaking
 283                 // early or late classical.
 284                 return callback([makeColumn("wilya", {from: "w", name: "vilya"})]);
 285             }
 286         } else if (character === "r") { // r
 287             return function (character) {
 288                 if (character === "d") { // rd
 289                     return callback([makeColumn("arda", {from: "rd"})]);
 290                 } else if (character === "h") { // rh -> hr
 291                     var error = "R should preceed H in the HR diagraph in Classical mode.";
 292                     return callback([
 293                         makeColumn("halla", {from: "h"}).addError(error),
 294                         makeColumn("romen", {from: "r"}).addError(error)
 295                     ]);
 296                 } else if (options.classicalR) {
 297                     // pre-namarie style, ore when r between vowels
 298                     if (
 299                         previous &&
 300                         previous.above &&
 301                         !Parser.isFinal(character) &&
 302                         vowels.indexOf(character) !== -1
 303                     ) {
 304                         return callback([makeColumn("ore", {from: "r"})])(character);
 305                     } else {
 306                         return callback([makeColumn("romen", {from: "r"})])(character);
 307                     }
 308                 } else {
 309                     // pre-consonant and word-final
 310                     if (Parser.isFinal(character) || vowels.indexOf(character) === -1) { // ore
 311                         return callback([makeColumn("ore", {from: "r"})])(character);
 312                     } else { // romen
 313                         return callback([makeColumn("romen", {from: "r"})])(character);
 314                     }
 315                 }
 316             };
 317         } else if (character === "l") {
 318             return function (character) {
 319                 if (character === "l") {
 320                     return function (character) {
 321                         if (character === "y") { // lly
 322                             return callback([makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"}).addTildeBelow({from: "l"})]);
 323                         } else { // ll
 324                             return callback([makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"}).addTildeBelow({from: "y"})])(character);
 325                         }
 326                     }
 327                 } else if (character === "y") { // ly
 328                     return callback([makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"})]);
 329                 } else if (character === "h") { // lh -> hl
 330                     var error = "L should preceed H in the HL diagraph in Classical mode.";
 331                     return callback([
 332                         makeColumn("halla", {from: "h"}).addError(error),
 333                         makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"}).addError(error)
 334                     ]);
 335                 } else if (character === "d") { // ld
 336                     return callback([makeColumn("alda", {from: "ld"})]);
 337                 } else if (character === "b") { // lb
 338                     // TODO ascertain why this is a special case and make a note.
 339                     return callback([makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"}), makeColumn("umbar", {from: "b"})]);
 340                 } else {
 341                     return callback([makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"})])(character);
 342                 }
 343             };
 344         } else if (character === "s") {
 345             return function (character) {
 346                 if (character === "s") { // ss
 347                     return callback([makeColumn("esse", {from: "ss"})]);
 348                 } else { // s.
 349                     return callback([makeColumn("silme", {from: "s"})])(character);
 350                 }
 351                 // Note that there is no sh phoneme in Classical Elvish languages
 352             };
 353         } else if (character === "h") {
 354             return function (character) {
 355                 if (character === "l") { // hl
 356                     return callback([
 357                         makeColumn("halla", {from: "h"}),
 358                         makeColumn("lambe", {from: "l"})
 359                     ]);
 360                 } else if (character === "r") {
 361                     return callback([
 362                         makeColumn("halla", {from: "h"}),
 363                         makeColumn("romen", {from: "r"})
 364                     ]);
 365                 } else if (character === "w") { // hw
 366                     return callback([makeColumn("hwesta", {from: "hw"})]);
 367                 } else if (character === "t") { // ht
 368                     // TODO find a reference and example that substantiates
 369                     // this interpretation. Did I invent this to make harma
 370                     // expressible?
 371                     return callback([makeColumn("harma", {from: "ht"})]);
 372                 } else if (character === "y") { // hy
 373                     if (options.classicalH && !options.harma) { // oldest form
 374                         return callback([makeColumn("hyarmen", {from: "hy"})]);
 375                     } else { // post-aha, through to the third-age
 376                         return callback([makeColumn("hyarmen", {from: "hy"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"})]);
 377                     }
 378                 } else { // h
 379                     if (options.classicalH) {
 380                         if (options.harma) { // before harma became aha initially
 381                             if (previous) { // medial
 382                                 return callback([makeColumn("halla", {from: "h"})])(character);
 383                             } else { // initial
 384                                 return callback([makeColumn("harma", {from: "h"})])(character);
 385                             }
 386                         } else { // harmen renamed and resounded as aha in initial position
 387                             if (previous) { // medial
 388                                 return callback([makeColumn("hyarmen", {from: "h"})])(character);
 389                             } else { // initial
 390                                 return callback([makeColumn("halla", {from: "h"})])(character);
 391                             }
 392                         }
 393                     } else { // third age, namarië
 394                         return callback([makeColumn("hyarmen", {from: "h"})])(character);
 395                     }
 396                 }
 397             };
 398         } else if (character === "d") {
 399             return callback([makeColumn("ando", {from: "d"}).addError("D cannot appear except after N, L, or R in Classical Mode")]);
 400         } else if (character === "b") {
 401             return callback([makeColumn("umbar", {from: "b"}).addError("B cannot appear except after M or L in Classical Mode")]);
 402         } else if (character === "g") {
 403             return callback([makeColumn("anga", {from: "g"}).addError("G cannot appear except after N or Ñ in Classical Mode")]);
 404         } else if (character === "j") {
 405             return callback([makeColumn("ure", {from: "j"}).addError("J cannot be transcribed in Classical Mode")]);
 406         } else {
 407             return callback([])(character);
 408         }
 409     };
 410 }
 411
 412 function parseTehta(callback, options, previous) {
 413     var font = options.font;
 414     var makeColumn = font.makeColumn;
 415     return function (character) {
 416         if (character === "a") {
 417             return function (character) {
 418                 if (character === "a") {
 419                     return parseTehta(callback, options, previous)("á");
 420                 } else if (character === "i") {
 421                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("yanta", {from: "i", diphthong: true}).addAbove("a", {from: "a"})]);
 422                 } else if (character === "u") {
 423                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("ure", {from: "u", diphthong: true}).addAbove("a", {from: "a"})]);
 424                 } else if (previous && previous.canAddAbove("a")) {
 425                     return callback([previous.addAbove("a", {from: "a"})])(character);
 426                 } else {
 427                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("short-carrier", {from: "a"}).addAbove("a", {from: ""})])(character);
 428                 }
 429             };
 430         } else if (character === "e" || character === "ë") {
 431             var tehta = swapDotSlash("e", options);
 432             return function (character) {
 433                 if (character === "e") {
 434                     return parseTehta(callback, options, previous)("é");
 435                 } else if (character === "u") {
 436                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("ure", {from: "u", diphthong: true}).addAbove(tehta, {from: "e"})]);
 437                 } else if (previous && previous.canAddAbove("e")) {
 438                     return callback([previous.addAbove(tehta, {from: "e"})])(character);
 439                 } else {
 440                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("short-carrier", {from: "e"}).addAbove(tehta, {from: ""})])(character);
 441                 }
 442             };
 443         } else if (character === "i") {
 444             var iTehta = swapDotSlash("i", options);
 445             return function (character) {
 446                 if (character === "i") {
 447                     return parseTehta(callback, options, previous)("í");
 448                 } else if (character === "u") {
 449                     if (options.iuRising) {
 450                         return callback([previous, makeColumn("anna", {from: "i", diphthong: true}).addAbove(reverseCurls("u", options), {from: "u"}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"})]);
 451                     } else {
 452                         return callback([previous, makeColumn("ure", {from: "u", diphthong: true}).addAbove(iTehta, {from: "i"})]);
 453                     }
 454                 } else if (previous && previous.canAddAbove(iTehta)) {
 455                     return callback([previous.addAbove(iTehta, {from: "i"})])(character);
 456                 } else {
 457                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("short-carrier", {from: "i"}).addAbove(iTehta, {from: ""})])(character);
 458                 }
 459             };
 460         } else if (character === "o") {
 461             return function (character) {
 462                 if (character === "o") {
 463                     return parseTehta(callback, options, previous)("ó");
 464                 } else if (character === "i") {
 465                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("yanta", {from: "i", diphthong: true}).addAbove(reverseCurls("o", options), {from: "o"})]);
 466                 } else if (previous && previous.canAddAbove("o")) {
 467                     return callback([previous.addAbove(reverseCurls("o", options), {from: "o"})])(character);
 468                 } else {
 469                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("short-carrier", {from: "o"}).addAbove(reverseCurls("o", options), {from: ""})])(character);
 470                 }
 471             };
 472         } else if (character === "u") {
 473             return function (character) {
 474                 if (character === "u") {
 475                     return parseTehta(callback, options, previous)("ú");
 476                 } else if (character === "i") {
 477                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("yanta", {from: "i", diphthong: true}).addAbove(reverseCurls("u", options), {from: "u"})]);
 478                 } else if (previous && previous.canAddAbove("u")) {
 479                     return callback([previous.addAbove(reverseCurls("u", options), {from: "u"})])(character);
 480                 } else {
 481                     return callback([previous, makeColumn("short-carrier", {from: "u"}).addAbove(reverseCurls("u", options), {from: ""})])(character);
 482                 }
 483             };
 484         } else if (character === "y") {
 485             if (previous && previous.canAddBelow("y")) {
 486                 return callback([previous.addBelow("y", {from: "y"})]);
 487             } else {
 488                 var next = makeColumn("anna", {from: ""}).addBelow("y", {from: "y"});
 489                 return parseTehta(function (moreColumns) {
 490                     return callback([previous].concat(moreColumns));
 491                 }, options, next);
 492             }
 493         } else if (character === "á") {
 494             return callback([previous, makeColumn("long-carrier", {from: "á"}).addAbove("a", {from: ""})]);
 495         } else if (character === "é") {
 496             return callback([previous, makeColumn("long-carrier", {from: "é"}).addAbove(swapDotSlash("e", options), {from: ""})]);
 497         } else if (character === "í") {
 498             return callback([previous, makeColumn("long-carrier", {from: "í"}).addAbove(swapDotSlash("i", options), {from: ""})]);
 499         } else if (character === "ó") {
 500             if (previous && previous.canAddAbove("ó")) {
 501                 return callback([previous.addAbove(reverseCurls("ó", options), {from: "ó"})]);
 502             } else {
 503                return callback([previous, makeColumn("long-carrier", {from: "ó"}).addAbove(reverseCurls("o", options), {from: ""})]);
 504             }
 505         } else if (character === "ú") {
 506             if (previous && previous.canAddAbove("ú")) {
 507                 return callback([previous.addAbove(reverseCurls("ú", options), {from: "ú"})]);
 508             } else {
 509                 return callback([previous, makeColumn("long-carrier", {from: "ú"}).addAbove(reverseCurls("u", options), {from: ""})]);
 510             }
 511         } else {
 512             return callback([previous])(character);
 513         }
 514     };
 515 }
 516
 517 var curlReversals = {"o": "u", "u": "o", "ó": "ú", "ú": "ó"};
 518 function reverseCurls(tehta, options) {
 519     if (options.reverseCurls) {
 520         tehta = curlReversals[tehta] || tehta;
 521     }
 522     return tehta;
 523 }
 524
 525 var dotSlashSwaps = {"e": "i", "i": "e"};
 526 function swapDotSlash(tehta, options) {
 527     if (options.swapDotSlash) {
 528         tehta = dotSlashSwaps[tehta] || tehta;
 529     }
 530     return tehta;
 531 }
 532
 533 // Notes regarding "h":
 534 //
 535 // http://at.mansbjorkman.net/teng_quenya.htm#note_harma
 536 // originally:
 537 //  h represented ach-laut and was written with harma.
 538 //  h initial transcribed as halla
 539 //  h medial transcribed as harma
 540 //  hy transcribed as hyarmen
 541 // then harma became aha:
 542 //  then h in initial position became a breath-h, still spelled with harma, but
 543 //  renamed aha.
 544 //  h initial transcribed as harma
 545 //  h medial transcribed as hyarmen
 546 //  hy transcribed as hyarmen with underposed y
 547 // then, in the third age:
 548 //  the h in every position became a breath-h
 549 //  except before t, where it remained pronounced as ach-laut
 550 //  h initial ???
 551 //  h medial transcribed as harma
 552 //  h transcribed as halla or hyarmen in other positions (needs clarification)
 553 //
 554 // ach-laut (_ch_, /x/ phonetically, {h} by tolkien)
 555 //   original: harma in all positions
 556 //   altered: harma initially, halla in all other positions
 557 //   third-age: halla in all other positions
 558 // hy (/ç/ phonetically)
 559 //   original: hyarmen in all positions
 560 //   altered: hyarmen with y below
 561 //   third-age:
 562 // h (breath h)
 563 //   original: halla in all positions
 564 //   altered: hyarmen medially
 565 //   third-age:
 566 //
 567 // harma:
 568 //   original: ach-laut found in all positions
 569 //   altered: breath h initially (renamed aha), ach-laut medial
 570 //   third-age: ach-laut before t, breath h all other places
 571 // hyarmen:
 572 //   original: represented {hy}, palatalized h, in all positions
 573 //   altered: breath h medial, palatalized with y below
 574 //   third-age: same
 575 // halla:
 576 //   original: breath-h, presuming existed only initially
 577 //   altered: breath h initial
 578 //   third-age: only used for hl and hr
 579 //
 580 // hr: halla romen
 581 // hl: halla lambe
 582 // ht: harma
 583 // hy:
 584 //   original: hyarmen
 585 //   altered:
 586 //     initial: ERROR
 587 //     medial: hyarmen lower-y
 588 //   third age: hyarmen lower-y
 589 // ch: harma
 590 // h initial:
 591 //   original: halla
 592 //   altered: XXX
 593 //   third-age: harma
 594 // h medial: hyarmen
 595